集成電路車間對環境的控制有較為嚴格的要求。不同的工藝制程對潔凈度的要求也各不相同，例如光刻要求在1級的微環境下，而化學機械研磨則只要求1000級的環境即可。

集成電路車(che)間相關分類

①.按功(gong)能結構分

集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)，又稱為IC，按其功(gong)能、結構的(de)(de)不同，可以分為模(mo)(mo)擬集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)、數(shu)字(zi)(zi)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)和(he)數(shu)/模(mo)(mo)混合(he)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)三大類。模(mo)(mo)擬集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)又稱線性(xing)電(dian)路(lu),用來(lai)產生、放大和(he)處理(li)各種模(mo)(mo)擬信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)（指幅度隨時間(jian)變化的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。例(li)(li)如(ru)半導體(ti)收音(yin)機的(de)(de)音(yin)頻信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)、錄放機的(de)(de)磁帶信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)等(deng)），其輸(shu)入信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)和(he)輸(shu)出信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)成(cheng)比例(li)(li)關系。而(er)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)用來(lai)產生、放大和(he)處理(li)各種數(shu)字(zi)(zi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)（指在時間(jian)上和(he)幅度上離(li)散取值的(de)(de)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。例(li)(li)如(ru)5G手機、數(shu)碼相機、電(dian)腦(nao)CPU、數(shu)字(zi)(zi)電(dian)視的(de)(de)邏輯(ji)控制(zhi)和(he)重(zhong)放的(de)(de)音(yin)頻信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)和(he)視頻信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)）。

  ②.按(an)制(zhi)作(zuo)工藝分

集成電(dian)路按制作工(gong)藝可分為半導體集成電(dian)路和膜(mo)集成電(dian)路。膜(mo)集成電(dian)路又(you)分類厚膜(mo)集成電(dian)路和薄膜(mo)集成電(dian)路。

  ③.按集成度(du)高低分

集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)按集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)度高低的(de)不同可分為：SSIC 小(xiao)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、MSIC 中規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、LSIC 大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、VLSIC 超大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、ULSIC特(te)大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、GSIC 巨大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)也(ye)被稱作(zuo)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)或超特(te)大(da)規(gui)(gui)模(mo)(mo)(mo)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)。

  ④.按導電類型不(bu)同分

集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路按導(dao)電(dian)類型可分為雙(shuang)(shuang)極型集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路和單極型集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路，他們(men)都(dou)是數(shu)字集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路。雙(shuang)(shuang)極型集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路的制(zhi)作工藝復雜，功耗較(jiao)大，代(dai)表集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路有TTL、ECL、HTL、LST-TL、STTL等(deng)類型。單極型集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路的制(zhi)作工藝簡(jian)單，功耗也較(jiao)低，易于制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)大規模(mo)集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路，代(dai)表集(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)路有CMOS、NMOS、PMOS等(deng)類型。

  ⑤.按用途分

集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)按(an)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途可分為電(dian)(dian)視機用(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、音(yin)響用(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、影碟機用(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、錄像機用(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)腦（微機）用(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、電(dian)(dian)子琴用(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、通信用(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、照相機用(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、遙控集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、語言集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)、報(bao)警器用(yong)(yong)(yong)集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)及各種集(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)。

  ⑥.按應(ying)用領域分(fen)

集(ji)成電路按(an)應用(yong)領域(yu)可分為標準通用(yong)集(ji)成電路和(he)集(ji)成電路。

  ⑦.按外形分

集(ji)成電路(lu)按(an)外形可分為圓形（金屬外殼晶體(ti)管封裝型，一(yi)般適合用于大功率）、扁平(ping)型（穩(wen)定(ding)性好(hao)，體(ti)積小）和雙列(lie)直插型。